What Makes Lawyers Happy? So one possibility for bilinguals would be that they just have two different minds inside - right? But, in fact, they were reflecting this little quirk of grammar, this little quirk of their language and in some cases, you know, carving those quirks of grammar into stone because when you look at statues that we have around - of liberty and justice and things like this - they have gender. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. And it's just too much of an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. All of these are very subjective things. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does it Operate? Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, by Shannon M. Smith & Harry Reis, Personal Relationships, 2012. Which pile do you go in, right? BORODITSKY: And when they were trying to act like Wednesday, they would act like a woman BORODITSKY: Which accords with grammatical gender in Russian. It's how we think about anything that's abstract, that's beyond our physical senses. VEDANTAM: So this begs the question, if you were to put languages on something of a spectrum, where you have, you know, languages like Spanish or Hindi where nouns are gendered and languages like English where many nouns are not gendered but pronouns are gendered, and on the other end of the spectrum, you have languages like Finnish or Persian where you can have a conversation about someone without actually mentioning their gender, it would seem surprising if this did not translate, at some level, into the way people thought about gender in their daily activities, in terms of thinking about maybe even who can do what in the workplace. This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Does a speaker of a language, like Spanish, who has to assign gender to so many things, end up seeing the world as more gendered? Welcome to HIDDEN BRAIN. VEDANTAM: My guest today is - well, why don't I let her introduce herself? UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). Imagine how we would sound to them if they could hear us. In this episode, we explore how long-term relationships have changed over time and whether we might be able to improve marriage by asking less of it. BORODITSKY: Well, I think it's a terrible tragedy. And I thought, wow, first of all, it would be almost impossible to have a conversation like that in English where you hadn't already revealed the gender of the person because you have to use he or she. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. But I think that we should learn not to listen to people using natural language as committing errors because there's no such thing as making a mistake in your language if a critical mass of other people speaking your language are doing the same thing. All of the likes and, like, literallies (ph) might sometimes grate on your nerves, but John McWhorter says the problem might be with you, not with the way other people speak. We don't want to be like that. People who breathe too much put their bodies in a hypoxic state, with not enough oxygen to the brain How breath moves in the body: air comes in through the nose and mouth; the larynx (rigid tube to avoid closing) brings air from the nose and mouth to the lungs Lungs can expand and contract to bring in or expel air So for example, you might not imagine the color shirt that he's wearing or the kinds of shoes that he's wearing. But it's exactly like - it was maybe about 20 years ago that somebody - a girlfriend I had told me that if I wore pants that had little vertical pleats up near the waist, then I was conveying that I was kind of past it. Now, many people hear that and they think, well, that's no good because now literally can mean its opposite. VEDANTAM: For more HIDDEN BRAIN, you can find us on Facebook and Twitter. Another possibility is that it's a fully integrated mind, and it just incorporates ideas and distinctions from both languages or from many languages if you speak more than two. So maybe they're saying bridges are beautiful and elegant, not because they're grammatically feminine in the language, but because the bridges they have are, in fact, more beautiful and elegant. VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a feeling or an experience. I'm Shankar Vedanta. The categorization that language provides to you becomes real, becomes psychologically real. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. If you missed it, Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. So we've done a lot of studies looking at how speakers of Spanish and German and Russian actually think about objects that have opposite grammatical genders. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. MCWHORTER: Thank you for having me, Shankar. MCWHORTER: Yes, Shankar, that's exactly it. It's never going to. So to go back to the example we were just talking about - people who don't use words like left and right - when I gave those picture stories to Kuuk Thaayorre speakers, who use north, south, east and west, they organized the cards from east to west. So we did an analysis of images in Artstor. Transcript - How language shapes the way we think by Lera Boroditsky.docx, The Singapore Quality Award requires organisations to show outstanding results, The following lots of Commodity Z were available for sale during the year, b The authors identify 5 types of misinformation in the abstract but discuss 7, 17 Chow N Asian value and aged care Geriatr Gerontol Int 20044521 5 18 Chow NWS, Writing Results and Discussion Example.docx, A 6 month old infant weighing 15 lb is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration, ng_Question_-_Assessment_1_-_Proposing_Evidence-Based_Change.doc, The Social Security checks the Government sends to grandmothers are considered A, 03 If a covered member participates on the clients attest engagement or is an, AURETR143 Student Assessment - Theory v1.1.docx. The size of this effect really quite surprised me because I would have thought at the outset that, you know, artists are these iconoclasts. VEDANTAM: If you have teenagers or work closely with young people, chances are you'll be mystified by their conversations or even annoyed. Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. If it is the first time you login, a new account will be created automatically. GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. Lera, thank you so much for joining me on HIDDEN BRAIN today. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Dont Know, Refusing to Apologize can have Psychological Benefits, The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions, and Emergent States on Group Outcomes, Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators, The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. So the word for the is different for women than for men, and it's also different for forks versus spoons and things like that. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Perceived Partner Responsiveness Minimizes Defensive Reactions to Failure, by Peter A. Caprariello and Harry T. Reis, Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2011. So for example, if Sam grabbed a hammer and struck the flute in anger, that would be one description, like, Sam broke the flute. This is NPR. Maybe it's, even less than 100 meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your, coat on over your pajamas, and put your boots on, and go outside and walk those, hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness, and it's just too much of, an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. She shows how our conversational styles can cause We all know casual sex isn't about love. Hidden Brain Feb 23, 2023 Happiness 2.0: Surprising Sources of Joy Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. So new words are as likely to evolve as old ones. This takes kids a little while to figure out, and he had all kinds of clever ways to ask these questions. When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. Happiness 2.0: The Only Way Out Is Through. VEDANTAM: Would it be possible to use what we have learned about how words and languages evolve to potentially write what a dictionary might look like in 50 years or a hundred years? Young people have always used language in new and different ways, and it's pretty much always driven older people crazy. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? You can find the transcript for most episodes of Hidden Brain on our website. VEDANTAM: One of the ultimate messages I took from your work is that, you know, we can choose to have languages that are alive or languages that are dead. BORODITSKY: Yeah. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. Languages are not just tools to describe the world. It seems kind of elliptical, like, would it be possible that I obtained? And it really is an illusion that what language is, is something that sits still. You-uh (ph). VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. Official Website Airs on: SUN 7pm-8pm 55:27 Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Feb 27 Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done.
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